Cell transport refers to the movement of substances in and out of a cell through the cell membrane. It is essential for maintaining homeostasis and allowing the cell to obtain nutrients, remove waste, and communicate with its environment.
There are two main types of transport:
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Passive Transport – Does not require energy. Molecules move from high to low concentration.
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Osmosis: Movement of water across a membrane.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Uses protein channels for larger molecules like glucose.
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Active Transport – Requires energy (ATP). Molecules move from low to high concentration.
- Protein Pumps: Move ions like sodium and potassium.
- Endocytosis: Cell engulfs substances into vesicles.
- Exocytosis: Cell expels materials.
This process is crucial for survival, ensuring cells function properly in various environments.
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